Yellow fever virus investigation in tissues of vampire bats Desmodus rotundus during a wild yellow fever outbreak in Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

In the last decade a large outbreak of Yellow Fever (YF) has been observed in Brazilian Atlantic Forest region, traditionally a non-endemic area. In this scenario, the role of wild mammal species as YF reservoirs can be questioned, especially the hematophagous bat, Desmodus rotundus. So, the objective of this study was to analyze molecularly the presence of the YF virus (YFV) in hematophagous bats during a YF outbreak in Brazil. Twenty-one samples were collected from seven adult male hematophagous bats D. rotundus. As YFV is considered a viscerotropic and neurotropic virus, samples of liver, kidney and brain were collected and molecularly analyzed using the RT qPCR technique. The animals were captured according to ethical protocols during a YF outbreak in Brazil in 2017, from a region of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The results revealed that the analyzed tissue samples were not infected with the YFV. The negative results for this bat species allow us to infer that other animals may be reservoirs of this virus in this ecosystem and they probably have not been identified yet. Therefore, health surveillance actions are essential to monitor the role of wild animals in the YF dissemination in Brazilian Atlantic Forest and alert to the possibility of new geographic amplification of areas where YF occurs. This research encourages the new search about the role of wild animals on YFV transmission and reinforces the importance of epidemiological surveillance in the transmission of human infectious diseases.

Spiders in Brazil: from arachnidism to potential therapeutic use of their venom part 1 of 2

Spider envenomation, generically known as arachnidism, is described in many places around the world. In terms of medical importance, the following genera of animals stand out as the main origin of the morbid condition: Atrax (Sidney funnel web spider), Steatoda (false black widow), Latrodectus (black widow), Loxosceles (brown spider) and Phoneutria (armed spider), the last three causing accidents involving spiders in Brazil. This article, part 1 of 2, aims to present the main aspects of arachnidism in the country, with an emphasis on the biology and geographical distribution of spiders, biochemistry of the venom, pathogenesis and epidemiology of arachnidism, as well as prevention of the morbid condition.

Sigilo, confidencialidade e privacidade: perspectivas pedagógicas na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Secrecy, confidentiality and privacy: educational perspectives in the Family Health Strategy / El secreto, la confidencialidad y la privacidad: perspectivas en el proceso educativo sobre la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia

A investigação dos problemas bioéticos na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) permanece, ainda, como tema negligenciado nas publicações acadêmicas contemporâneas, a despeito das candentes questões que se apresentam nessa esfera da atenção à saúde. Nesse âmbito, elementos atinentes à relação entre usuários e profissionais de saúde ganham relevância. O estudo dessa temática é mote do presente artigo, no qual são apresentados resultados obtidos junto aos profissionais da ESF do município de Viçosa/MG, durante a realização de oficina de formação em bioética e Atenção Primária à Saúde ­ enfatizando as conversações sobre o sigilo, a privacidade e a confidencialidade ­ desenvolvidas ao longo do processo pedagógico. (AU)

The investigation of bioethical issues in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) still remains a neglected theme in contemporary scholarly literature, despite the pressing issues that arise in this sphere of health care. In this context, elements related to the relationship between users and health professionals gain relevance. The study of this theme is the mote of this article, in which results obtained from FHS professionals in the county of Viçosa/MG, while they trained and attended a workshop on bioethics and Primary Health Care, are presented ­ emphasizing conversations regarding secrecy, privacy and confidentiality developed throughout the educational process. (AU)

La investigación de las cuestiones de bioética en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF) todavía permanece como tema descuidado en las publicaciones académicas contemporáneas, a pesar de los temas candentes que se plantean en esta esfera de la atención a la salud. En este contexto, sobre la relación entre los usuarios y profesionales de la salud se convierten en elementos más importantes. El estudio de este tema es el tema de este artículo, en el que los resultados obtenidos se presentan junto a los profesionales de la ESF de la ciudad de Viçosa/MG, mientras la realización de la formación en bioética y taller de formación primaria de salud ­ haciendo hincapié en las conversaciones sobre el secreto, la privacidad y confidencialidad ­ desarrollado durante el proceso educativo. (AU)

Bioética e residência em Medicina da Família e Comunidade: Uma proposta de educação / Bioethics and Internship in Medicine of Family and Community: An Educational Proposal / Bioética y Residencia en Medicina de Familia y Comunidad: Una Propuesta de Educación

A Residência Médica (RM) é considerada o padrão-ouro em termos da especialização médica no país. A bioética integra o rol de disciplinas obrigatórias para a formação em nível de RM, merecendo destaque pela (i) crescente complexidade do trabalho em saúde e (ii) incipiente abordagem dos problemas éticos na formação dos profissionais da saúde. Com base nestas considerações, foi desenhada a primeira "Oficina de Formação em Bioética e Atenção Primária à Saúde", para o Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade do Município do Rio de Janeiro (PRMFC-SMS-RJ), com o objetivo de fomentar o debate sobre os aspectos bioéticos da prática profissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde/Estratégia Saúde da Família (APS/ESF). O escopo do presente artigo é relatar a experiência e contribuir para as discussões sobre a necessária abordagem dos conflitos éticos para a excelência do cuidado em saúde na APS/ESF.

The Medical Residency (MR) is considered the golden standard in terms of medical specialization in the country. Bioethics incorporates the list of compulsory subjects for the RM level qualification, noteworthy for the (i) increasing complexity of the work in health care and (ii) its incipient approach to the ethical problems in the formation of health professionals. Based on these considerations, the first "Graduation in Bioethics and Primary Health Care Workshop" was designed for the Internship Program in Medicine of Family and Community in the county of Rio de Janeiro (FCHRP-MSH-RJ). The objective of this workshop was to foster the debate on the aspects of bioethics in the professional practice of Primary Health Care/Family Health Strategy (PHC/FHS). The scope of the present article attempts to present the experience and contribute to discussions about the necessary address of ethical conflicts for the excellence of health care in the PHC/FMS

La Residencia Médica (RM) es considerada el estándar de oro en términos de la especialización médica en Brasil. La bioética integra el rol de disciplinas obligatorias para la formación a nivel de RM, mereciendo destaque por la (i) creciente complejidad del trabajo en salud y (ii) el incipiente abordaje de los problemas éticos en la formación de los profesionales de la salud. Con base en estas consideraciones, fue diseñada la primera "Taller de Formación en Bioética y Atención Primaria a la Salud", para el Programa de Residencia en Medicina de Familia y Comunidad del Municipio de Río de Janeiro (PRMFC-SMS-RJ), con el objetivo de fomentar el debate sobre los aspectos bioéticos de la práctica profesional en la Atención Primaria a la Salud/Estrategia Salud de la Familia (APS/ESF). El alcance del presente artículo es relatar la experiencia y contribuir a las discusiones sobre el necesario enfoque de los conflictos éticos para la excelencia del cuidado en salud en la APS/ESF.